Revision Notes
Handwritten-style notes with diagrams, flowcharts, and key points — like a topper's notebook. Read online or print as PDF.
Indian Polity
89 chapters
Ch 1: Historical Background
Company & Crown Rule (1773-1947)
Ch 2: Making of the Constitution
Constituent Assembly & Drafting
Ch 3: Concept of the Constitution
Types, Functions & Qualities
Ch 4: Salient Features
15+ Distinctive Features
Ch 5: Preamble
Identity Card of Constitution
Ch 6: Union & Its Territory
Art 1-4, States Reorganisation
Ch 7: Citizenship
Art 5-11, CAA, NRC
Ch 8: Fundamental Rights
Part III, Art 12-35
Ch 9: Directive Principles (DPSPs)
Part IV, Art 36-51, Welfare State
Ch 10: Fundamental Duties
Part IVA, Art 51A, 11 Duties
Ch 11: Amendment of the Constitution
Art 368, 3 Types, Basic Structure
Ch 12: Basic Structure Doctrine
Kesavananda, 20 Elements
Ch 13: Parliamentary System
Westminster Model, Art 74-75
Ch 14: Federal System
Quasi-Federal, 7th Schedule
Ch 15: Centre-State Relations
Legislative, Administrative, Financial
Ch 16: Inter-State Relations
Water Disputes, ISC, Zonal Councils
Ch 17: Emergency Provisions
Art 352-360, 3 Types
Ch 18: President
Art 52-78, Election, Powers, Veto
Ch 19: Vice-President
Art 63-71, RS Chairman
Ch 20: Prime Minister
Art 74-75, Powers, Appointment
Ch 21: Council of Ministers
Art 74-75, Collective Responsibility
Ch 22: Cabinet Committees
Extra-Constitutional, 8 Committees
Ch 23: Parliament
Art 79-122, RS, LS, Bills, Devices
Ch 22: Cabinet Committees
Extra-Constitutional, 8 Committees
Ch 24: Parliamentary Committees
PAC, Estimates, DRSCs
Ch 26: Supreme Court
Art 124-147, Collegium, Jurisdiction
Ch 27: Judicial Review
Art 13, Basic Structure, Scope
Ch 25: Indian Parliamentary Group
IPU, CPA, Parliamentary Diplomacy
Ch 28: Judicial Activism
Creative Interpretation, Overreach
Ch 29: Public Interest Litigation
Art 32/226, Locus Standi, Epistolary
Ch 30: Governor
Art 153-167, Discretion, Controversies
Ch 31: Chief Minister
Art 163-164, Real Executive of State
Ch 32: State Council of Ministers
Art 164, Collective Responsibility, 15% Cap
Ch 33: State Legislature
Art 168-212, LA, LC, Bicameral
Ch 35: Subordinate Courts
Art 233-237, District Judge, AIJS
Ch 36: Tribunals
Art 323A/B, CAT, NGT, NCLT
Ch 37: Consumer Commissions
CPA 2019, CCPA, 3-Tier
Ch 38: Lok Adalats
ADR, NALSA, No Appeal, Art 39A
Ch 39: Panchayati Raj
73rd Amendment, 3-Tier, 11th Schedule
Ch 43: Election Commission
Art 324-329, CEC, Independence
Ch 44: UPSC
Art 315-323, Recruitment, Independence
Ch 45: State PSC
Art 315-323, Governor Appoints, 62yrs
Ch 47: GST Council
Art 279A, 101st Amdt, Cooperative Federalism
Ch 48: National Commission for SCs
Art 338, 89th Amdt, SC Safeguards
Ch 49: National Commission for STs
Art 338A, Tribal Rights, FRA
Ch 50: National Commission for BCs
Art 338B, 102nd Amdt, OBC Safeguards
Ch 51: Commissioner for Linguistic Minorities
Art 350B, 7th Amdt, Language Rights
Ch 52: CAG
Art 148-151, Guardian of Purse
Ch 86: Anti-Defection Law
10th Schedule, 52nd & 91st Amendments
Ch 34: High Court
Art 214-231, Art 226 Writs
Ch 56: NITI Aayog
Think Tank, Cooperative Federalism
Ch 40: Municipalities
74th Amendment, 12th Schedule
Ch 41: Union Territories
Art 239-241, Delhi NCT, LG
Ch 42: Scheduled & Tribal Areas
5th & 6th Schedule, ADC, PESA
Ch 46: Finance Commission
Art 280, Tax Devolution
Ch 66: Lokpal & Lokayuktas
Anti-Corruption Ombudsman, 2013 Act
Ch 57: NHRC
Statutory Body, HR Watchdog
Ch 79: Political Parties
Multi-Party, Funding, Recognition
Ch 81: Elections
FPTP, EVM, NOTA, ONOE
Ch 53: Attorney General
Art 76, Highest Law Officer
Ch 54: Advocate General
Art 165, State Law Officer
Ch 55: Rights & Liabilities of Govt
Art 294-300, Contracts, Suits
Ch 58: State HRC
PHR Act 1993, State-Level NHRC
Ch 59: National Commission for Women
NCW Act 1990, Women Rights
Ch 60: NCPCR
CPCR Act 2005, Child Rights
Ch 61: National Commission for Minorities
NCM Act 1992, 6 Minorities
Ch 62: Central Information Commission
RTI Act 2005, Transparency
Ch 63: State Information Commission
RTI Sec 15, State-Level CIC
Ch 64: Central Vigilance Commission
CVC Act 2003, Anti-Corruption
Ch 65: CBI
DSPE Act 1946, Caged Parrot
Ch 67: NIA
NIA Act 2008, Counter-Terror
Ch 68: NDMA
DM Act 2005, PM Chairs, NDRF
Ch 69: Bar Council of India
Advocates Act 1961, Legal Profession
Ch 70: Law Commission
Non-Statutory, Law Reform, 280+ Reports
Ch 73: Cooperative Societies
97th Amendment, Part IXB, Art 43B
Ch 74: Official Language
Part XVII, Art 343-351, 22 Languages
Ch 75: Public Services
Art 308-323, AIS, Art 311 Protection
Ch 76: Special Provisions for States
Art 371-371J, Asymmetric Federalism
Ch 80: Regional Parties
Coalition Era, State Parties, Federalism
Ch 82: Election Laws
RPA 1950/1951, Electoral Bonds
Ch 83: Electoral Reforms
ONOE, State Funding, Decriminalisation
Ch 84: Voting Behaviour
Caste, Religion, Anti-Incumbency
Ch 85: Coalition Government
NDA, UPA, CMP, Post-1989 Era
Ch 87: Pressure Groups
Interest Groups, Lobbying, Civil Society
Ch 88: National Integration
Unity in Diversity, NIC, Challenges
Ch 89: Foreign Policy
Art 51, Non-Alignment, Multi-Alignment
Ch 90: NCRWC (Venkatachaliah Commission)
249 Recommendations, Constitution Review
Ch 91-94: Landmark Judgements & Doctrines
Basic Structure, Art 21, 12 Doctrines
Ch 95: World Constitutions
USA, UK, France, Borrowed Features
Economics
28 chapters
Eco 11 Stats: Introduction to Statistics
Functions, NSO, Census, Economic Survey
Eco 11 Stats: Collection & Organisation of Data
Primary/Secondary, Census vs Sample, Classification
Eco 11 Stats: Presentation of Data
Tables, Bar, Pie, Histogram, Ogive
Eco 11 Stats: Central Tendency
Mean, Median, Mode, Formulas
Eco 11 Stats: Measures of Dispersion
Range, SD, Variance, CV, Lorenz/Gini
Eco 11 Stats: Correlation
Pearson r, Spearman ρ, Scatter Diagram
Eco 11 Stats: Index Numbers
CPI, WPI, Laspeyres, Paasche, Fisher
Eco 11 Ch 1: Eve of Independence
Colonial Legacy, Drain of Wealth
Eco 11 Ch 2: Indian Economy 1950-90
Planning Era, Mixed Economy, Green Rev
Eco 11 Ch 3: LPG Reforms (1991)
Liberalisation, Privatisation, Globalisation
Eco 11 Ch 4: Human Capital Formation
Education, Health, Demographic Dividend
Eco 11 Ch 5: Rural Development
Credit, Marketing, Organic Farming
Eco 11 Ch 6: Employment
Informal Sector, Jobless Growth, MGNREGA
Eco 11 Ch 7: Environment & Sustainability
Climate, Net-Zero, Green GDP, NAPCC
Eco 11 Ch 8: India vs China vs Pakistan
Comparative Development, 3 Paths
Eco 12 Ch 1: Intro to Macroeconomics
Micro vs Macro, Circular Flow, Keynes
Eco 12 Ch 2: National Income Accounting
GDP, GNP, NDP, 3 Methods
Eco 12 Ch 3: Money & Banking
RBI, Repo, CRR, SLR, Money Multiplier
Eco 12 Ch 4: Income & Employment
Keynesian Theory, Multiplier, AD-AS
Eco 12 Ch 5: Government Budget
Fiscal Deficit, Revenue vs Capital, FRBM
Eco 12 Ch 6: Open Economy Macro
BoP, Exchange Rate, CAD, Forex
Eco 12 Micro: Introduction
Scarcity, PPF, Opportunity Cost, Economy Types
Eco 12 Micro: Consumer Behaviour
Utility, IC, Budget Line, MRS, Demand
Eco 12 Micro: Production & Costs
TP/AP/MP, DMR, Returns to Scale, MC/ATC
Eco 12 Micro: Firm & Supply
MR=MC, Profit Max, Supply Curve, Perfect Comp
Eco 12 Micro: Market Equilibrium & Structures
D=S, Monopoly, Oligopoly, CCI
Inflation & Price Policy
WPI, CPI, RBI MPC, MSP, PDS
GST & Indirect Taxes
101st Amdt, CGST/SGST/IGST, Council
Geography
38 chapters
Geo 11: Geography as a Discipline
Branches, Systematic vs Regional
Geo 11: Origin & Evolution of Earth
Big Bang, Solar System, Layers, Life
Geo 11: Interior of the Earth
Crust, Mantle, Core, Seismic Waves
Geo 11: Plate Tectonics & Continental Drift
Wegener, Pangaea, Boundaries, Sea-Floor
Geo 11: Minerals & Rocks
Igneous, Sedimentary, Metamorphic, Rock Cycle
Geo 11: Geomorphic Processes
Endogenic, Exogenic, Weathering, Erosion
Geo 11: Landforms & Evolution
River, Glacier, Wind, Karst Landforms
Geo 11: Atmosphere — Composition & Structure
Layers, Greenhouse, Insolation, Ozone
Geo 11: Atmospheric Circulation & Weather
Pressure Belts, Winds, Cyclones, Coriolis
Geo 11: Water in Atmosphere & World Climate
Rainfall Types, Koppen, Climate Change
Geo 11: Oceans — Temperature, Salinity & Relief
Ocean Floor, Thermocline, Salinity, EEZ
Geo 11: Ocean Movements — Waves, Tides & Currents
Gulf Stream, Tides, Tsunami, Upwelling
Geo 11: Biodiversity & Conservation
Ecosystems, Hotspots, NPs, WLS, CBD
Geo 11: India — Location & Size
Lat/Long, Neighbours, 28 States, IST
Geo 11: India Physiography
Himalayas, Plains, Plateau, Coasts
Geo 11: Drainage Systems
Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra, Peninsular Rivers
Geo 11: Climate & Monsoon
SW Monsoon, ITCZ, Seasons, Jet Streams
Geo 11: Vegetation & Soils
Forest Types, 6 Soil Types, Mangroves
Geo 11: Natural Hazards & Disasters
Floods, Earthquakes, Cyclones, NDMA
Geo 12: Human Geography — Nature & Scope
Determinism, Possibilism, Neo-Determinism
Geo 12: World Population
Distribution, Density, DTM, Growth
Geo 12: Population Composition
Age, Sex Ratio, Literacy, Pyramid
Geo 12: Human Development (HDI)
HDI, UNDP, Capability Approach, SDGs
Geo 12: Migration
Push-Pull, Streams, Remittances
Geo 12: Primary Activities
Agriculture Types, Mining, Forestry
Geo 12: Secondary Activities
Manufacturing, Location Factors, Steel
Geo 12: Tertiary & Quaternary Activities
Services, IT/BPO, Tourism, Knowledge Economy
Geo 12: Transport & Communication
Road, Rail, Water, Air, Pipelines
Geo 12: International Trade
WTO, FTAs, India Trade, Comparative Advantage
Geo 12: Human Settlements
Rural/Urban, Urbanisation, Smart Cities
Geo 12: India Population
Distribution, Density, Growth, 1921 Divide
Geo 12: India Land & Agriculture
Crops, Land Use, Green Rev, MSP
Geo 12: India Water Resources
Irrigation, Groundwater Crisis, Jal Jeevan
Geo 12: India Minerals & Energy
Chotanagpur Belt, Coal, Oil, Renewables
Geo 12: India Manufacturing
Steel, Textiles, IT, Auto, Pharma
Geo 12: India Planning & Development
NITI Aayog, BIMARU, SDGs, Indira Canal
Geo 12: India Transport & Communication
GQ, Bharatmala, DFC, Sagarmala, UDAN
Geo 12: India Trade & Geographical Issues
Trade Deficit, Pollution, Urbanisation
History
21 chapters
Hist 11: Roman Empire
Republic→Empire, Trade, Christianity, Fall 476
Hist 11: Nomadic Empires (Mongols)
Genghis Khan, 4 Khanates, Pax Mongolica
Hist 11: Medieval Europe & Renaissance
Feudalism, 3 Orders, Renaissance, Exploration
Hist 11: Displacing Indigenous Peoples
Americas, Australia, Settler Colonialism
Hist 11: Paths to Modernisation (Japan & China)
Meiji Japan, Mao China, Deng Reforms
Hist 12: Harappan Civilisation
2600-1900 BCE, Urban Planning, Drainage, Trade
Hist 12: Early States & Economies
Mauryas, Guptas, Ashoka, Coins, Trade
Hist 12: Buddhism, Jainism & Kinship
Buddha, Mahavira, Varna-Jati, Mahabharata
Hist 12: Bhakti-Sufi Traditions
Kabir, Nanak, Mirabai, Chishti, Dargahs
Hist 12: Vijayanagara & Mughal Empire
Hampi, Akbar, Mansabdari, Taj Mahal
Hist 12: Colonial Rule & 1857 Revolt
Revenue Systems, Sepoy Mutiny, Crown Rule
Hist 12: Gandhi & Nationalist Movement
Satyagraha, Salt March, Quit India, INA
Hist 12: Partition & Constitution Making
1947 Partition, Constituent Assembly, Ambedkar
Mughal Empire
Babur to Aurangzeb, Mansabdari, Decline
Bhakti & Sufi Movement
Saints, Philosophy, Nirguna/Saguna, Orders
Advent of Europeans
Portuguese, Dutch, French, British EIC
Revolt of 1857
Causes, Leaders, Nature, Aftermath
Rise of Indian National Congress
Moderates, Extremists, Swadeshi
Gandhi Era & Mass Movements
NCM, CDM, Quit India, INA
Constitutional Development (1773-1947)
Regulating Act to Independence Act
Partition & Independence
Two-Nation Theory, Mountbatten Plan, Radcliffe
Art & Culture
5 chapters
Indian Architecture & Sculpture
Indus to Modern, Maurya, Gupta, Medieval
Classical Music & Dance Forms
Hindustani, Carnatic, 8 Classical Dances
Indian Religion & Philosophy
Vedanta, Buddhism, Jainism, Sikhism
Fairs, Festivals & Folk Traditions
UNESCO ICH, Tribal, Kumbh, GI Tags
Temple, Indo-Islamic & Colonial Architecture
Nagara, Dravida, Mughal, Gothic Revival
Environment
8 chapters
Climate Change
GHGs, UNFCCC, Paris Agreement, NDCs
Biodiversity
Hotspots, IUCN, CBD, Protected Areas
Pollution & Waste Management
Air, Water, Solid, E-waste, NCAP
Energy & Renewable Resources
Solar, Wind, Nuclear, Hydrogen, EVs
Ecology & Ecosystems
Food Chain, Biomes, Succession, Cycles
Water Resources & Management
Jal Jeevan, Interlinking, Groundwater
Disaster Management
NDMA, NDRF, Sendai, CDRI
Sustainable Development
SDGs, ESG, Circular Economy, LiFE
Science & Tech
6 chapters
Space Technology
ISRO, Chandrayaan, Gaganyaan, Private Space
Emerging Technologies
Quantum, Blockchain, 5G/6G, Semiconductor
Nanotechnology
Nanomaterials, Applications, Nano Mission
IT & Cyber Security
IT Act, CERT-In, DPDP Act, Deepfakes
Robotics & AI
ML, IndiaAI Mission, Ethics, Drones
Health & Medicine
CRISPR, Vaccines, Ayushman Bharat, AMR
Odisha History
6 chapters
Ch 1: Ancient Odisha
Kalinga War 261 BCE, Kharavela, Hathigumpha, Diamond Triangle
Ch 2: Medieval Odisha
Eastern Gangas, Konark, Gajapati, Bhoi Dynasty
Ch 3: Colonial Odisha
British 1803, Paik Rebellion, Province 1936
Ch 4: Freedom Movement
Surendra Sai, Gopabandhu, Salt Satyagraha, Quit India
Ch 5: Post-Independence
Hirakud Dam, Super Cyclone 1999, Naveen Patnaik
Ch 6: Tribal History
62 Tribes, 13 PVTGs, Dongria Kondh, PESA
Odisha History (Detailed)
4 chapters
British Occupation & Administration
Occupation 1803, Land Revenue, Zamindari, Trade & Commerce
Resistance Movements
Khurda 1804, Paik 1817, Surendra Sai 1857, Tribal Uprisings
Education & Social Change
Press, Famine 1866, Missionaries, Mahima Dharma
National Movement & State Formation
Non-Cooperation, CDM, Province 1936, Quit India, Merger 1948
Odisha Economy
5 chapters
Ch 1: State Economy Overview
GSDP Rs 7.5L Cr, Growth 7.8%, 8th Largest
Ch 2: State Budget & Fiscal Policy
Revenue Surplus Since 2005, FRBM, Capital Expenditure
Ch 3: Agriculture & Allied Sectors
Paddy 70%, KALIA, Fisheries, White Revolution 2.0
Ch 4: Mining & Industry
28% India Iron Ore, POSCO, DMF Fund, Vedanta
Ch 5: Government Schemes
MAMATA, Biju Swasthya, Mission Shakti, 5T, Mo Sarkar
Odisha Polity
4 chapters
Ch 1: State Government
147 Seats, Unicameral, Governor, CM, BJD to BJP 2024
Ch 2: Panchayati Raj
6798 GPs, 314 Blocks, 30 ZPs, 50% Women, PESA
Ch 3: District Administration
30 Districts, 3 RDCs, Collector/DM, BDO, Tehsildar
Ch 4: State Institutions
OPSC, Lokayukta 2014, SHRC, Right to Public Services
Odisha Culture
5 chapters
Ch 1: Temple Architecture
Konark UNESCO, Lingaraj, Kalinga Style, Rekha-Pidha-Khakhara
Ch 2: Odissi Dance & Music
Kelucharan Mohapatra, Gotipua, Mahari, Geeta Govinda
Ch 3: Pattachitra & Handicrafts
Raghurajpur, Pipili Applique, Dhokra, Silver Filigree
Ch 4: Tribal Culture
62 STs, 13 PVTGs, Dongria Kondh, Bonda, Saura Paintings
Ch 5: Odia Literature
Sarala Das, Jagannath Das, Fakir Mohan, Jnanpith Awards